Countries of Europe

All you need to know about Europe and its countries

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How many countries in Europe?

44 countries according to the UN

European countries

Regions of Europe

About Europe

  • Europe Is the World’s second smallest continent
  • It is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
  • It comprises the westernmost peninsulas of the continental landmassof Eurasia
  • There are a total of 44 countries in Europe

Area

Europe covers about 10,180,000 km2  or 2% of the Earth’s surface.

Boundaries

Europe is is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east.

Facts

  • European culture is the root of Western civilization
  • One third of the world’s wealth is located in Europe
  • The second most active volcano in the world is in Europe
  • Vatican City, the smallest country in the world is located in Europe
  • Russia, the largest country in the world is located in Europe
  • About 10% of the world’s population lives in Europe

Know about other continents and world countries

Eastern Europe

Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, and Ukraine make up Eastern Europe, which has a population of around 293 million people. Russia is the most populous country in Eastern Europe.

1. Belarus

Belarus, which is officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. The meaning of the name of this country is “White Russia”. Minsk is the capital of this former Sovereign Republic. Every city in the country has a Lenin Street and the country does not have natural mountains.

2. Bulgaria

Bulgaria is a country in Southeast Europe which lies on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria is one of the oldest countries in Europe. Its name has never changed. The country has a lot of museums. The oldest gold collection was found here. The country has 9 UNESCO Site. It also as highest peak of the Balkan mountains. Bulgaria has a very musical connection with space

3. Czech Republic

Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the east. This hilly country is a country of castles. Czech Republic has over 2000 castles, one of which is the largest ancient castle. The Elbe river, has its origin from here, this river forms its basins in other European countries.

To book a vacation to magical city of Prague, click here.

4. Hungary

Hungary is one of the oldest countries in the world. Lying in Central Europe and it is a landlocked country. It borders Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west.  Budapest is the capital of Hungary. The Vitamin C supplements were discovered here. Listen in to know the connection of this country and the Rubik’s cube, and many more things. 

5. Poland

Poland is licated in the heart of European continent. It is named after a tribe “Polain” which means people living in open fields. The capital of Poland is Warsaw. Poland has an amber stone in abundance. The country has 16 UNESCO World Heritage sites. There is a Holi-like festival, listen in to know when it is celebrated, and to know what is behind the Name Day that people celebrate in the country.

6. Moldova

Moldova is a former Soviet republic located in Eastern Europe. It has a diverse landscape with forests, rocky hills, and vineyards. Moldova’s capital is Chișinău. It is a country in Europe’s Balkan region, located in the northeastern corner. It is also a land locked country and the least visited country in the continent. There are ancient monasteries here, Europe’s largest village is in Moldova. Can a landlocked country have a beach? Listen in to know.

7. Romania

Romania is Europe’s twelfth largest country, with Bucharest as its capital. It is located in southeastern Europe, between Bulgaria and Ukraine, along the Black Sea. The country of Miss Perfect 10, Nadia Comaneci.  Romania is the country with the world’s heaviest building. It also has one of the world’s most beautiful highways. Talking about animals, it has the largest population of brown bears. There is a very beautiful sculpture in the country, listen in to know more about them.

8. Slovakia

Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by Poland, to the east by Ukraine, to the south by Hungary, to the southwest by Austria, and to the northwest by the Czech Republic. Bratislava is Slovakia’s capital. Slovakia is a landlocked country in central Europe. The country has a mountainous terrain. Its capital is the only capital in the world which borders two different countries. This country is the leading producer of cars. the country also boasts of having more than 6000 caves. Listen in to know more about the country.

9. Russia

The Russian Federation, also known as Russia, is a transcontinental country that spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia is the largest country of the world. It is so massive that there are 11 time zones that exist there. The country has Europe’s highest mountain, Europe’s longest river, and world’s coldest place. The capital of Russia is Moscow. Listen in to know many more things about this country.

10. Ukraine

This second largest country is in a way the center of Europe, with Russia on one side, and rest of the continent on the other. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv. Ukraine is bordered on the north by Belarus, on the west by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, on the south by Romania and Moldova, and on the sea by the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. The country is the originator of the Easter Egg tradition. This former Soviet Republic is believed to have world’ first written constitution. Listen in to know more about Ukraine.

Western Europe

Austria, Germany, Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Switzerland, Liechtenstein make up Western Europe, which has a population of around 268 million. Germany is the most populous country in Western Europe.

11. Austria

Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe’s southernmost region, bordering the Eastern Alps. Vienna is Austria’s capital city. Meaning of the name of this country means “Eastern Realm” in German. It is Austria, a country which lies mostly on Alps. This beautiful country has world’s largest ice cave. There are many unique things about Austria, listen in to know them.

12. Germany

Famously known as “Country of Poets and Thinkers” Germany is a country which is famous for its castles. The capital of Germany is Berlin. The country has maximum number of zoos in the world. The first ever book printed was in German, and the longest word ever to be published is German, how many letters are there in it, listen in to find out.

13. Belgium

Belgium is the land of inventions. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated European countries The capital of Belgium is Brussels. The country is divided into distinct regions, with Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north, French-speaking Wallonia in the south, and a German-speaking community in the middle.Home to world’s most delicious chocolates, Belgium does not have a native language. Many comic strips originated here. And Santa doesn’t some here on Christmas, listen in to know who comes instead.

14. France

French call their country “le Hexagone” owing to the shape of it. France has rich history and culture. Its capital, Paris, is known for its fashion houses, classical art museums such as the Louvre, and landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower. Land of many inventions, this place has a 100 year old cycle race. There is a discipline in which French people have won the most number of Nobel prize, listen in to know more.

15. Ireland

This island nation is also known as “Emerald Isle”, Ireland is a country which is covered by greenery. It is the only nation in the world to have a musical instrument as its national symbol, and that is a harp. Its capital, Dublin, is where writers like Oscar Wilde were born. This place does not have a scary animal at all, listen in to find out which animal it is.  

16. Luxembourg

Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in the world, Luxembourg is a landlocked country. Second richest in terms of GDP, this country has highest rate of car owners in the world. The name of this country is derived from a Saxon word which means “little fortress”. Belgium, France, and Germany encircle the country. Luxembourg City is the its capital. The Ardennes forest and nature parks are in the north, the Mullerthal region’s rocky gorges are in the east, and the Moselle river valley is in the southeast.

17. Monaco

Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in the world, Luxembourg is a landlocked country. Second richest in terms of GDP, this country has highest rate of car owners in the world. The name of this country is derived from a Saxon word which means “little fortress”. Belgium, France, and Germany encircle the country. Luxembourg City is the its capital. The Ardennes forest and nature parks are in the north, the Mullerthal region’s rocky gorges are in the east, and the Moselle river valley is in the southeast.

18. Netherlands

The name Netherlands means “low countries.” Netherlands is the most densely populated country in the world, and denser are the numbers of bicycles found here. The capital of Netherlands is Amsterdam. A country clearly below the sea level, Netherlands as more than 1000 wind mills, a few of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Listen in to know more about this glorious nation.

19. Switzerland

One of the world’s most beautiful places in the world Switzerland is a small landlocked country. The capital of Switzerland is Bern. The country has 17% of Alps, popular as Swiss Alps. There are 208 mountain peaks there, and more than 7000 lakes. The least obese European country is one of the most expensive countries in the world. There are many interesting things about the country, listen in to know more.

20. Liechtenstein

World’s one of the only two doubly landlocked countries, Liechtenstein is a country that completely is situated on the Alps. Liechtenstein is a German-speaking, between Austria and Switzerland. This country has a very low unemployment rate. It does not have an army, and if you wish to fly here directly, then good luck, as there is not airport there. Listen in to more about this little country.

Northern Europe

Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom make up Northern Europe, which has a population of around 34 million people. Finland is the most populous country in Northern Europe.

21. Denmark

Denmark is considered  to be happiest country of the world. Denmark has people who cycle a lot. Free Education and Healthcare is provided in this country. Denmark is a windy country, which has cool breeze coming from the sea. The capital of this country is Copenhagen. World’s most famous toys’ brand is from this country and which fairy tale character originated from here, listen in to know about them.

22. Estonia

A Country is Baltics, Estonia is made o f 2,222 islands. It is bordered by the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland. The country has more than 50% of land under forests, and they are abode to numerous wolves. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. This country was the first in the world to display Christmas Tree. Listen in to know what is so special about the public transport of this place.

23. Finland

Finland is also known as a land of thousand lakes with more than 1,80,000 lakes and the biggest lake district in the world. Finland is said to have invented the angry birds. Helsinki is Finland’s capital. The Northern Lights can be seen in the Arctic Lapland province of Finland. Finland is known for its lakes and forests, as well as its educational system. They play some very unique games, listen in to know which ones they are.

24. Iceland

This island nation is also know as “The land of Fire and Ice”, Iceland is a country with dramatic terrain, it does not have trees, and is full of hot springs. The dramatic landscape of Iceland, which includes volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, and lava fields, defines the Nordic island nation. The capital of Iceland is Reykjavik. It has the oldest parliament site and has a pair of tectonic plates above the earth.

25. Latvia

Latvia is another country in the Baltic region. Latvia is a country with about 12,000 rivers. The country has a 3,500 year old Oak tree. There is also a bunker which can accommodate 250 people for 3 months. Riga, Latvia’s capital, is known for its wooden and art nouveau architecture. Latvia has a forest cover of around 54%, making it one of Europe’s greenest countries.  There is also a very unique museum in the country, listen in to know more about it.

26. Lithuania

Lithuania is officially the Republic of Lithuania. Historically the largest country in Europe, present day Lithuania is a Baltic country. The capital of this country is Vilnius. The country loved basketball. The country has its own aroma called “Scent of the nation”. There is also a distinct swing tradition. Another famous tradition with a twist is the Easter eggs tradition, listen in to know what that is.

27. Norway

Norway is famously known as “Land of the Midnight Sun”.  Norway is called so because there is always sunlight there. Famous for its Northern Lights, this place has snow covered mountains, thus a lot of polar bears. It has an enormous coastline as well. The capital of Norway is Oslo. The country is also known for its fishing, hiking and skiing. Listen in to know, which place do this country send its Christmas trees.

28. Sweden

Sweden is famous as “Elongated Country”. Sweden is a country which produces its energy from waste, they even import waste from other countries. People here are a fan of Donald Duck. The capital of Sweden is Stockholm. In some places country experiences 19 hours of night, and at some places, there is no sunset at all. Listen in to know more amazing things about this country.  

29. United Kingdom

United Kingdom is a union of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom. It is a small island nation off the coast of western Europe. Shakespeare was born in England, and London is the United Kingdom’s capital. The Queen of UK turns 95 today and is the longest reigning Queen in the world. The place gave birth to many sports. Interested in knowing which all, listen in to know.

Southern Europe

Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Vatican City make up Southern Europe, which has a population of around 153 million people. Italy is the most populous country in Northern Europe.

30. Albania

Albania is also known as “Land of Eagles”. Lying in the region famously called The Balkans. Albanians have more than a lakh bunkers. People have scarecrows in their homes, they consider then lucky charm. Listen in to know more about this hugely mountainous regions. An there is a great Indian, who is of Albanian origin, listen in to know who that is.

31. Andorra

Andorra is a country that lies between two countries in Europe. Less than 500 sq km, this country has its 9% of it as UNESCO World Heritage site. Andorra does not have an airport. It’s known for its ski resorts and for being a tax haven that allows duty-free shopping. Andorra la Vella is the capital of Andorra. Listen in to know more interesting things about this country.

32. Bosnia and Herzegovina

This country is also called “Heart Shaped Country”. Bosnia and Herzegovina is also known as Bosnia. This country is occupied since the new stone age. The country also has Europe’s last remaining jungles. It has Europe’s oldest Tram network. There is also a historic time piece, listen in to know what is the specialty of it. 

33. Croatia

Croatia is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, officially known as the Republic of Croatia. It is another country in the Balkans. Dalmatians are originally from the country. The capital of Croatia is Zagrreb. Game of Thornes’ King’s landing is based here.  The sea here plays the pipe organ. World’s smallest town is also in this country. Croatia is also the proud inventor of the Maglite. Listen in to know more. 

34. Greece

Greece is a land of ancient civilizations. The country is often called as the cradle of Western civilization. This country laid the foundation if democracy, gave literary jewels of Dramas, and origin of Olympics. The country has 80% if its terrain as mountainous. The capital of Greece is Athens. The country as over 5000 islands. The word “alphabet” comes from Greek, listen in to know which two words of Greek were combined to make this word.

35. Italy

Italy is a Mediterranean country with a long coastline. Rome, the country’s capital, is home to the Vatican, as well as famous art and ancient ruins. Florence, with Renaissance masterpieces such as Michelangelo’s “David” and Brunelleschi’s Duomo; Venice, the city of canals; and Milan, Italy’s fashion capital, are among the other major cities. Pinocchio come from Italy, so do pizzas. Italy has two microstates inside it, The Vatican and San Marino. Italians have 2500 kinds of cheese. There are three active volcanos in Europe, how many are there in Italy, one, two or all three? Listen in to find out.

36. Malta

Malta is an archipelago to the south if Italy. It’s a country known for historic sites dating back to the Romans, Moors, Knights of Saint John, French, and British rulers. The capital of Malta is Valletta. This place is so small, so everyone knows everyone. There is only one little forest in Malta. Its capital Valetta is known to be the first planned European city. Listen in to know more interesting things about Malta.

37. North Macedonia

An Ancient country, North Macedonia is the birth place of Mother Teresa. North Macedonia is a landlocked country bordered on the northwest by Kosovo, the north by Serbia, the east by Bulgaria, the south by Greece, and the west by Albania. The country has one UNESCO World Heritage site, which is the Ohrid lake. This lake is the deepest in Europe and has some endemic species living in it. Listen in to know more important things about the country.

38. Portugal

Portugal is a country in southern Europe that borders Spain on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is one of Europe’s oldest nation-states. Many existing countries in the world have been discovered by explorers from this country. Portugal’s language, Portuguese is the official language of 9 countries. One of the oldest nation, this country is famous as world’s top surf spots. Listen in to know more amazing things about Portugal.

39. Montenegro

Montenegro is a Balkan country with mountain ranges, ancient villages, and a narrow strip of Adriatic coastline lined with beaches. It’s also known as the Land of the Black Mountain. Montenegro has 117 beaches and is a bird-watching enthusiast’s dream. At over 2,000 years old, olive tree is a magnificent attraction in this country. Montenegro is one of the world’s newest countries, having declared independence from Serbia.

40. San Marino

A microstate within the confines of Italy, San Marino is Europe’s third largest country. The country does not have its own military, it is dependent on Italy for its defense. The capital of the country lies entirely on a mountain. It is one of the world’s oldest republics, with much of its historic architecture still standing. The country is known for its narrow cobblestone streets and mediaeval walled old town. Listen in to know more about this place.

41. Serbia

Serbia is a landlocked country in the Balkans. It is famous for its being the biggest exporter of raspberries. There is also a pyramid-shaped mountain, with a legend behind it. Serbia is one of the world’s biggest exporters of raspberries and the world’s most expensive cheese is Serbian. There is a river in the country which is called Year, listen in to know the reason behind the name.

42. Slovenia

Slovenia is a country with a mountainous and forest terrain. Its capital Ljubljana, means “the loved one” and the city lies at the center of the country. The country is famous for skiing.  Slovenia is home to 8,000 caves. The capital of Slovenia is  Ljubljana. There is also a fairy tale legend associated with the country, listen in to know more about the country.

43. Spain

On United Nations Spanish Language Day, let is talk about this country that loves its siesta and local festivals. It is Spain, a country whose language is the second most spoken language in the world. The capital city Madrid is home to the Royal Palace and also the Prado museum. There is also a magic mouse which takes away the fallen tooth, instead of the tooth fairy and this Mr. Mouse has a name too, listen in to know what he is called.

44. Vatican City

Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and is surrounded by Rome, Italy. It is the home of the Pope as well as a treasure trove of iconic art and architecture. Vatican City is the world’s tiniest fully self-governing nation. Italy has more UNESCO world heritage sites than any other country, but the Vatican is the only country that has been designated as a world heritage site in its entirety.

FAQ's about European countries

There are 44 countries in Asia today, according to the United Nations. 

The smallest country in Europe is Vatican City.

For centuries, Europe’s rich agricultural and industrial diversity has made it a centre of trade and commerce.

English is still the most spoken language in the EU by far, followed by German, French, Italian, and Spanish in most.

There are 24 official languages in Europe

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